Saturn

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नेति नेति

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According to Kālidāsa, Saturn first signifies longevity, and with it everything that long time brings: old age, decay, sorrow, and death itself. Where Jupiter is the graha of increase and Venus of enjoyment, Saturn is the graha of subtraction. It teaches by taking away, and its gifts arrive only after its lessons. From this arise misery, poverty, misfortune, obstacles, and delay. Saturn also signifies the responses these produce in the self: laziness and dejection in the weak, and endurance, discipline, and patience in the strong. The same graha that breaks the undisciplined perfects the disciplined. Of all the grahas, Saturn depends most on the quality of the native who receives it. Saturn is the servant among the grahas. It therefore signifies servants and servitude, labourers, the low-born, and all work that is hard, menial, and long: agriculture and toil upon the land, the trades of oil, hides, and heavy burdens, imprisonment and bondage, and the humiliations that come from standing at the bottom of an order. Yet the signification cuts both ways: the karaka of servants, when strong, gives command over many of them. Among kin and society, Saturn signifies the aged, the ascetic, and the renunciate. The graha of loss is also the graha of those who have given things up voluntarily. Deprivation imposed is misery; deprivation chosen is vairāgya. Saturn signs both with the same signature. In the body, Saturn governs the legs, the nerves and sinews, and vāta, the windy humour. Its afflictions follow its nature: chronic diseases, diseases of long duration, rheumatism, lameness, paralysis, and the general infirmity of age. Where Mars wounds quickly, Saturn wears down slowly. Its illnesses are not events but tenures. Its natural world is dark, dry, and cold. Its animals are the buffalo and the beasts of burden. Its substances include iron, lead, the blue sapphire, black grains and sesame, oil, and dark or tattered garments. Everything black, heavy, or worn belongs to it. Its taste is astringent, the taste that contracts the tongue as Saturn contracts life. Saturn signifies the west, the direction of the setting, and the Śiśira season, the cold at the year's end. Its stature is tall and lean, and its gait is slow, being the slowest mover among the grahas: what Saturn signifies, Saturn also demonstrates. At the religious level, Saturn signifies devotion to Lord Yama. The correspondence is exact: the graha of time, death, and justice worships the Dharmarāja who administers all three. It begins with the weight of time and ends with time's own lord, whom the disciplined meet as Dharma and the undisciplined as death.