In anushAsana parva, umA asks mahAdeva to explain the conduct that leads to liberation.
While explaining to her the many qualities of such a model person, mahAdeva also mentions this
परस्वे निर्ममा नित्यं परदारविवर्जकाः . धर्मलब्धार्थभोक्तारस् ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः+
mahAdeva: Men who
1. do not lay claim to property of others,
2. who avoid the wife of another (adultery),
3. who only enjoy the object of desire by acquiring it through righteous means -- those men attain Vaikuntha (Svarga)]+
Now, this injunction is to be considered as an accessory to karma yoga, which is mokshopAya.
Avoiding wealth of others, shunning adultery etc are important for vairAgya.
However, as with all dharmopadeShAs, this also has an inner meaning, as below+
“परस्वे निर्ममा” - The Atman is the body of nArAyaNa and hence, his property.
Thus, a person who thinks “I am independent” is stealing the Atman, which is the property of another (nArAyaNa)+
So, by this injunction, mahAdeva is saying, “a mumukkShu never considers himself as independent - as belonging to himself, and sees himself as subservient to nArAyaNa”.
Now, the second injunction+
“परदारविवर्जकाः” - Avoid adultery with another’s wife. As per “पतिं विश्वस्य” (nArAyaNa sUkta), nArAyaNa is our husband. So, “adultery” is infidelity to bhagavAn, by worshipping other gods as supreme & claiming servitude to them, when they are also bhagavAn’s wives. One avoids “परदार” - wife of another - for this reason. Any god is a “परदार” - wife of “another” - nArAyaNa, who is “other” than that god, in being independent and the support of that god who is dependent on him.
As bhAgavatam says, “भक्त्या सत्स्त्रिय: सत्पतिं यथा” - bhaktAs bring bhagavAn under their control, like chaste wives bringing the husband under their control. These gods are his bhaktAs and so are like his wives.
Another pramANa is this - पुरुषोत्तम: स एव, स्त्री प्रायम् इतरत् सर्वम्”
[He (viShNu) alone is puruShottama, all else are strIs by nature]
As all jIvAs are like strI-s, so gods are all his wives in this sense too+
“परदारविवर्जकाः” are those who avoid worshipping other gods.
mahAdeva says - “The wise do not worship me and other gods as supreme, seeing themselves as wives of nArAyaNa and knowing that we gods are also bhagavAn’s wives - dependent on him”.
Krishna also declares this: ब्रह्माणं शितिकण्ठं च यास्चान्या देवताः प्रतिबुद्धा न सेवन्ते यस्मात् परिमितं फलम् (~ shAnti parva)
“The wise do not worship brahmA, shitikaNTha and other gods, because the fruits they give are limited”.
The third injunction is “धर्मलब्धार्थभोक्तारस्” - The mumukkShu should acquire his object of desire by means of dharma. What is the object of desire? It is bhagavAn. What is the means to acquire bhagavAn? It is bhagavAn himself, who is dharma, as per “कृष्णं धर्मं सनातनं”.
Thus, by this injunction, mahAdeva is saying, “Attain bhagavAn by considering bhagavAn himself as the means (dharma); do not think you are attaining him by your own efforts, as that is against the nature of the self and causes ego”. This has 2 meanings - for bhakti yogIs, they are supposed to consider bhagavAn as the means for their sAdhana to avoid ego.
For prapannAs, they are supposed to consider bhagavAn himself as their sAdhana - the direct means.
Hence, these 3 injunctions of mahAdeva serve a dual purpose for mumukkShus - Their superficial meaning is an accessory to karma yoga for vairAgya and good conduct; their inner meaning explains the essence of mokShopAya itself.
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